புறநானூறு

in a bowl

due to generosity

valli vines, Dioscorea oppositifolia

a man who is a donor

you being a benefactor

a benefactor

benefactors

body flesh

Creeping bindweed, Ipomaea aquatic

movement

moving

and to shoot

not giving

without going around

riding

he rode

you rode

and giving

moves around

not failing

without fail

you who protected tradition

he ruined relatives

in the following days

following day

those who worship, those who praise

going on the way

attained

after

praising

to praise

he does not praise

and a man who is in the place

fault

Pandiyan king

evil deeds

two–sepalled gamboge trees, Ochrocarpos longifolius

with two–sepalled gamboge trees, Ochrocarpos longifolius

seized

you come

sword

filtered

pouring

a gold garland which does not fade

the Vanji that does not fade

unfading lotus flowers which is a gold lotus flower

with flowers that do not fade

wilted

he is sad

dried

may it wilt

thin side

hurting

of Vattaru town, a town belonging to a small–region Velir king Ezhiniyathan

hurting

with merchant attributes

a woman with a bright forehead

sky

Chera king

oh Chera king

celestial beings

did not happen

with mouths

greatly with words

truthfully

through the sluices

with the mouth

they rose up

happened, occurred, occurring

to happen

creating space

ends sharpened

unfailing sword

dripping, flowing

jungle fowl

not coming, not returning

when he has not returned

not coming

before coming

not coming

combing the hair, combed the hair

I will not come

we have not come

like dripping

dripping

lengthened

tail

with purity

Balaraman

cook

white

those with swords

arrows

like a sword

valai, scabbard fish, trichiurus haumela

and valai fish, trichiurus haumela

with valai fish, scabbard fish, trichiurus haumela

with a sword

those bearing swords

living

not living

may you live long

may you live long

living

we will not live

banana trees, plantain trees

living

for life

in life

for life

more than living

living

we will live

praising

praising

as those who praise

those who live

to those who live

those who lived

I live

the life

those who live

to those who live

victorious

tying

tied tightly

tied tightly

bloated

tied tightly

tied tightly

in the sky

from the sky

touching the sky

with strength

jumping

tightly tied

oh Vichikko, a small–region king

those who have been abandoned

allowing, letting

released

not allowing, not letting

those who do not abandon

he did not allow

she will not abandon

not letting go, not allowing

if let, if allowed, if done

arrow that is shot

thrown sugarcane

it releases

to let

you let me leave

we will send

he said

I am leaving

like opening

leaving

released, releasing

I am leaving

a man who removed

you will let him go

let me go

fish that are caught

to let go

they will send

cracked place

you will send

bulls

with male goats

and male goat

uttered

he dropped, he released

those who have abandoned

mountain

and scattering

may he tremble

to be sad

may it tremble

with desire

rapidly

seed

seeded

seeded

seed

what was seeded

questioning

since I questioned, since I asked

I am asking

you questioned

if questioned, if asked

you are questioning

you are questioning

we are questioning

questioning

those who question

workers

crying, sobbing

it respects

and respecting, and feeling awed

respecting, feeling awed

when awed

and respecting

respect, awe

sweat

sweating

in a wide space

smartness, intelligence

like fingers

mixed

surrounded

good omen

like it was spread, like they are spread

spread, spreading

like it was spread

spreading

if expanded

a new person, a guest

new

for the guests

as guests

being hospitable to guests

a man with desire

a woman is with desire

desiring

with the desire

desiring

desired, desiring

desiring

mixing, mixed

you are going in haste

it was fast

he did it rapidly

with wood

pieces of wood, firewood

female artist who sings and dances

female artists who sing and dance

to the female artists who sing and dance

and the female artist who sings and dances

with the female artist who sings and dances

victory

due to blocking

avoiding

blocking

blocking, blocked

blocking

blocking

the man who blocked

sides of the stomach

price

like prostitutes

a man who sells

those bearing bows

Oyman Villiyathan was small–region king who ruled from a town named Ilangai

with bows

those bearing bows

in the light of a lamp

lamp

in the light

light

causes brightness

with brightness, shining

Vilangil, a town belonging to a small–region king named Kadalan

you are shining

being splendid

vilari tune

white

being pale

paled

of a woodapple tree, of wood apple trees, Limonia acidissima

ruined

they are ruined

those who were killed

killing

getting ruined

may they yield

causing growth

mature, aged, ripened

they grew

growing, grown

causing

mature, aged

playing, played, to play

they play, playing, they move around

they will not grow

they grow, they yield, they produce

they grow, they yield

yield

more than the festivals

and the festival, and the celebration

eyes

opened the eyelids

they blossomed

thick drumstick

fat in meat

great wealth

with flesh fat

with splendid wealth

thick walking stick

fine tops

great clan